Beginners guide to Arduino pin Configuration and Usage
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Arduino Overview
The Arduino Uno has an 8 Bit Atmega328p Microcontroller.The Arduino uno also comes in a SMD version where the Atmega328P uses a surface mount version instead of the through –hole Version. This type of Arduino boards are cheap compared to the through Hole Version. The Smd version requires a separate driver (CH340) in order to communicate with the pc. The Atmega328p comes with a crystal oscillator, Serial Communication, Voltage Regulator, Etc to support the microcontroller. Arduino Uno has a 14 digital input/output pins (out of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog input pins, a USB connection, A Power barrel jack, an ICSP header and a reset button.
Pin Discription
How to use Arduino Board?
The 14 digital input/output pins can be used as input or output pins by using pinMode(), digitalRead() and digitalWrite() functions in arduino programming. Each pin operate at 5V and can provide or receive a maximum of 40mA current, and has an internal pull-up resistor of 20-50 KOhms which are disconnected by default. Out of these 14 pins, some pins have specific functions as listed below:
Serial Pins 0 (Rx) and 1 (Tx): Rx and Tx pins are used to receive and transmit TTL serial data. They are connected with the corresponding ATmega328P USB to TTL serial chip.
External Interrupt Pins 2 and 3: These pins can be configured to trigger an interrupt on a low value, a rising or falling edge, or a change in value.
PWM Pins 3, 5, 6, 9 and 11: These pins provide an 8-bit PWM output by using analogWrite() function.
SPI Pins 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO) and 13 (SCK): These pins are used for SPI communication.
In-built LED Pin 13: This pin is connected with an built-in LED, when pin 13 is HIGH – LED is on and when pin 13 is LOW, its off.
Software
Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment) is required to program the Arduino Uno board. You can download it from the Arduino website here.
Programing Arduino
Once arduino IDE is installed on the computer, connect the board with computer using USB cable. Now open the arduino IDE and choose the correct board by selecting Tools>Boards>Arduino/Genuino Uno, and choose the correct Port by selecting Tools>Port. Arduino Uno is programmed using Arduino programming language based on Wiring. To get it started with Arduino Uno board and blink the built-in LED, load the example code by selecting Files>Examples>Basics>Blink. Once the example code (also shown below) is loaded into your IDE, click on the ‘upload’ button given on the top bar. Once the upload is finished, you should see the Arduino’s built-in LED blinking.
Applications
Prototyping of Electronics Products and Systems
Multiple DIY Projects.
Easy to use for beginner level DIYers and makers.
Projects requiring Multiple I/O interfaces and communications.
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